Semestre 02

The course begins by introducing subprograms, also known as functions or procedures, which are reusable and modular blocks of code. Subprograms help structure code by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable tasks, making it easier to understand, maintain, and reuse.

Next, recursion is covered. Recursion is a concept where a function calls itself to solve a problem. This approach enables elegant and concise solutions while reducing code complexity. Base cases and recursive cases are defined to ensure that recursion terminates properly.

Pointers are an essential element of the C language. They allow direct memory manipulation by referencing variable addresses. Pointers are used to pass memory addresses to functions, dynamically allocate memory, and create complex data structures such as linked lists.

Linked lists are dynamic data structures that allow flexible storage and organization of data. Each element in the list contains a value and a reference (pointer) to the next element. Linked lists are particularly useful when the data size is unknown in advance or when frequent insertions and deletions are required.

Finally, files are introduced. Files allow data to be stored permanently on storage media such as a hard drive. File reading and writing operations are explained, along with different file opening modes. Files are commonly used for data backup, sharing, and handling large amounts of information.

In summary, this course provides an overview of fundamental programming concepts, focusing on subprograms, recursion, pointers, linked lists, and files. These concepts are essential for understanding programming in C and form a strong foundation for developing complex and efficient software applications.