The course of "Universal History of Biological Sciences" is intended for students of the first year L.M.D, field of nature and life sciences. This course traces the human understanding of the living world from the earliest recorded history to the present day. Although the concept of biology as a coherent field of knowledge emerged only in the 19th century, the biological sciences are derived from the traditions of medicine and natural history, dating back to the ancient Greeks (in particular Galen and Aristotle, respectively).